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    Types of Diabetes

    Diabetes is mostly diagnosed as either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. However, there are actually 4 main categories of this condition.


    1.Type 1 diabetes

    This is previously referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), juvenile diabetes, or childhood diabetes. This is generally diagnosed in children, as well as in young adults. Since this type is considered as an autoimmune disease, this suggests that no preventative measure is known to work against the onset of type 1 diabetes. The immune system destroys the beta cells which produces insulin in the pancreas. Thus, patients with type 1 diabetes must “feed” insulin to their bodies every day to survive.
    Currently, scientists are still not certainly what triggers the attack of the beta cells. But they strongly believe that genetics, autoimmune, and certain environmental elements, such as viruses, play a role.

    Around 5-10% of diabetes patients in the United States have type 1 diabetes. And although this mostly springs up in children or young adults, it can still influence people at any age.


    Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

    Even if the undermine to the beta cells can started years earlier, symptoms of type 1 diabetes may eventuate over a shorter time. The the bulk common of which are:

    frequent thirst
    frequent urination
    frequent hunger
    excessive weight loss
    extreme fatigue
    blurred vision
    irritability


    2.Type 2 diabetes

    Type 2 diabetes is the the bulk common among all types. As a matter of fact, type 2 accounts for the bulk of the diabetes cases in the United States – that is, between 90 and 95%.

    Type 2 frequently affects older people, although it's increasing found in children, as well as in adolescents. It is closely related with people who are beyond 45 years old, who are obese or extremely overweight, who have a history of diabetes in their family, who have been previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and who are physically inactive. Diabetes is also average among certain ethnicities or races, such as Hispanics, American Indians, and blacks.

    People who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are those whose bodies are not capable of producing adequate amounts of insulin, or are not using properly the insulin being produced.


    Symptoms of type 2 diabetes

    The several symptoms related with type 2 diabetes do not happen as abrupt as those in type 1, rather, they eventuate gradually. The symptoms include:

    any symptoms related with type 1 diabetes
    several infections
    fatigue
    poor restoring of wounds
    recurrent skin, bladder, or gum infections
    numbness or tingling in the feet or hands

    Some people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes without developing any of the mentioned symptoms.


    3.Gestational Diabetes

    This type of diabetes happens exclusively to pregnant women. Most often, gestational diabetes springs up during the later part of pregnancy. And although this typically disappears right after giving birth, females who have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes are about 20-50 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in 5-10 years time.

    In the United States alone, there are around 135,000 gestational diabetes cases every year. That is roughly 4% of the total population of pregnant women. And just like in type 2 diabetes, certain ethnic groups and a family history of the disease increase a pregnant woman’s risk of having gestational diabetes.

    Experts say that the hormones found in the placenta may add to the onset of gestational diabetes. These hormones help in the development of the baby. However, these also tend to hinder the action of insulin in the mother’s body. This condition, called insulin resistance, prevents the pregnant woman’s body from using her insulin well. Thus, she may call for three periods as much insulin as she previously needed.

    Gestational diabetes springs up when a pregnant woman’s body is not able to produce and make use of the insulin important during pregnancy. With an insufficient amount of insulin, the glucose is left in the blood and is not converted into energy. Glucose that accumulates in the blood leads to a high blood glucose level known as hyperglycemia.


    Symptoms of gestational diabetes

    Majority of pregnant women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes do not feel any symptoms at all. However, the biggest and the bulk distinct signs that the condition is present may be manifested on the baby.

    Undiagnosed, untreated, or unmanaged gestational diabetes can have grave effects on the baby. The pancreas of the mother works doubly difficult to produce ample insulin. However, it does not do anything to alleviate the blood sugar level. Thus, the surplus blood sugar is transmitted to the placenta, providing the baby with elevated blood sugar level. Due to this, the pancreas of the baby will in turn produce more insulin in order to obtain rid of the surplus glucose. The baby then is given more energy than needed, and surplus amounts are stored in the body as fat.

    Such way causes “macrosomia”, or “fat baby”. Babies who are born with this condition may face certain health issues. Babies who are born with surplus amounts of insulin are at a higher risk of becoming obese, and are likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.


    4.Pre-diabetes

    Normally, before the onset of type 2 diabetes, patients go via a “pre-diabetes” phase. This condition means that the blood sugar levels are higher than the perfect level, but not that high to be considered as diabetes. The United States has about 54 million patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes.

    Recent studies have found out that there are long-term effects on the body, particularly to the circulatory system and the heart, which may already beginning happening during the pre-diabetes stage. Further, these studies also point out that proper management of blood glucose levels as early as the pre-diabetes stage can delay, and even prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.


    Determining Pre-diabetes

    Pre-diabetes can influence anyone, regardless of their age and race. However, certain groups have a greater chance of developing pre-diabetes than others. It has been found out to be more average among Latinos, Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, and the older population.

    Doctors use two several tests to determine the presence of pre-diabetes: fasting plasma glucose test or FPG, and the oral glucose endurance test or OGTT. The blood sugar levels taken after these two tests will express if the patient’s glucose level is common or not.

    A blood glucose level that is found to be abnormal after the FPG is known as impaired fasting glucose or IFG. A blood glucose level that is abnormal after the OGTT is called impaired glucose endurance or IGT. It is possible for patients to have both IGT and IFT.


    Impaired fasting glucose or IFG means a high level of blood glucose after fasting overnight, but is not that high to be considered as diabetes. Levels are between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL.
    Impaired glucose endurance or IGT means the patient’s blood glucose level is elevated right after the 2-hour oral glucose endurance test, although it's not that high to be considered as diabetes. Levels are between 140 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL.

    Although pre-diabetes is gaining popularity, it comes with an advantage – patients can do more to delay or even prevent the onset of diabetes. Studies have proven that the risk of having diabetes is greatly alleviated by eliminating about 5-7% of the body weight by having the right diet and engaging in exercise.

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